Izikhumba kanye nembewu yamagilebhisi namajikijolo aqukethe i-resveratrol, okwenza iwayini elibomvu linothe kule nhlanganisela. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi inezinzuzo ezinkulu zezempilo, kodwa udinga ukwazi okwengeziwe ngokuthi singakanani isithasiselo okudingeka usithathe.
Uma uzwile ukuthi iwayini elibomvu lisiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile nge-resveratrol, inhlanganisela yezitshalo ethandwa kakhulu ewayinini elibomvu.
Kodwa ngaphezu kokuba ingxenye enenzuzo yewayini elibomvu nokunye ukudla, i-resveratrol nayo inamandla ezempilo.
Eqinisweni, izithasiselo ze-resveratrol zihlotshaniswa nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ezimangalisayo, okuhlanganisa ukuvikela ukusebenza kobuchopho nokwehlisa umfutho wegazi (1, 2, 3, 4).
Lesi sihloko sichaza lokho okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-resveratrol, okuhlanganisa nezinzuzo zayo zezempilo eziphezulu eziyisikhombisa ezingaba khona.
I-Resveratrol iyinhlanganisela yezitshalo esebenza njenge-antioxidant. Imithombo yokudla emikhulu ihlanganisa iwayini elibomvu, amagilebhisi, amajikijolo athile, namakinati (5, 6).
Le nhlanganisela ivamise ukugxila esikhumbeni nasembewu yamagilebhisi namajikijolo. Lezi zingxenye zamagilebhisi zibandakanyeka ekuvutshelweni kwewayini elibomvu ngakho-ke zinenani eliphezulu kakhulu le-resveratrol (5, 7).
Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi ze-resveratrol zenziwe ezilwaneni nasemashubhuni okuhlola kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu lale nhlanganisela (5, 8).
Ezifundweni ezilinganiselwe kubantu, iningi ligxile ezinhlotsheni ezingeziwe zekhompiyutha, ezitholakala ekugxilweni okuphezulu kunalezo ezitholakala ekudleni (5).
I-Resveratrol iyinhlanganisela ye-antioxidant etholakala ewayinini elibomvu, amajikijolo namakinati. Izifundo eziningi zabantu zisebenzise izithasiselo eziqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-resveratrol.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-antioxidant, i-resveratrol ingaba isengezo esithembisayo sokwehlisa umfutho wegazi (9).
Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2015 kuphethe ngokuthi imithamo ephezulu ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka ezindongeni ze-artery lapho inhliziyo ishaya (3).
Lo mfutho ubizwa ngokuthi i-systolic blood pressure futhi ubonakala njengenombolo ephakeme ekufundweni komfutho wegazi.
Umfutho wegazi we-Systolic uvame ukukhuphuka ngokuya ngeminyaka ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis. Uma iphezulu, iyingozi engozini yesifo senhliziyo.
I-Resveratrol ingase izuze imiphumela yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ngokusiza ukukhiqiza i-nitric oxide eyengeziwe, eyenza imithambo yegazi ikhululeke (10, 11).
Kodwa-ke, ababhali bocwaningo bathi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukwenza izincomo ezithile ngethamo elilungile le-resveratrol ukuze kube nemiphumela ephezulu kumfutho wegazi.
Ucwaningo lwezilwane eziningana lubonise ukuthi izithako ze-resveratrol zingashintsha i-lipids yegazi ngezindlela ezinempilo (12, 13).
Ocwaningweni lwango-2016, amagundane adliwe ukudla okuphezulu ngamaprotheni namafutha e-polyunsaturated ahlanganiswe ne-resveratrol.
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi isilinganiso esiphelele sezinga le-cholesterol nesisindo somzimba samagundane sehlile, kanti izinga le-cholesterol “enhle” ye-HDL lenyuka (13).
I-resveratrol ibonakala ithinta amazinga e-cholesterol ngokunciphisa isenzo sama-enzyme alawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol (13).
Njenge-antioxidant, iphinde yehlise i-oxidation ye-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL. I-oxidation ye-LDL iholela ekwakhekeni kwama-plaque odongeni lwe-arterial (9, 14).
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokwelashwa, ababambiqhaza abathatha ukukhishwa kwamagilebhisi okungagxilile noma i-placebo bathole ukwehla ngo-4.5% ku-LDL kanye nokwehliswa kwama-20% ku-LDL ene-oxidized (15).
Izithako ze-resveratrol zingathuthukisa amazinga e-lipid egazi ezilwaneni. Njengoba beyi-antioxidant, baphinde banciphise i-oxidation ye-LDL cholesterol.
Amandla ekhompiyutha okwandisa isikhathi sokuphila sezinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo abe yindawo enkulu yocwaningo (16).
Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-resveratrol yenza kusebenze izakhi zofuzo, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele izifo zokuguga (17).
Lokhu kusebenza ngendlela efanayo nokuvinjelwa kwekhalori, okubonise imiphumela ethembisayo ekwandiseni ubude besikhathi sokuphila ngokushintsha indlela izakhi zofuzo ezivezwa ngayo (18, 19).
Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo oluhlola lesi sixhumanisi kutholwe ukuthi i-resveratrol yandisa isikhathi sokuphila ku-60% yezinto eziphilayo ezifundwe, kodwa umphumela wabonakala kakhulu ezintweni ezingahlobene eduze nabantu, njengezibungu nezinhlanzi (20).
Ucwaningo lwezilwane lubonise ukuthi izithako ze-resveratrol zingandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Nokho, akucaci ukuthi zizoba nomthelela ofanayo yini kubantu.
Ucwaningo oluningana lubonise ukuthi ukuphuza iwayini elibomvu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuncipha kwengqondo okuhlobene neminyaka (21, 22, 23, 24).
Kubonakala sengathi iphazamisa izingcezu zamaprotheni ezibizwa nge-amyloid beta, ezibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezingcezu zesifo i-Alzheimer's (21, 25).
Nakuba lolu cwaningo luthakazelisa, ososayensi basenemibuzo mayelana nekhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa i-resveratrol eyengeziwe, okukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokushesha njengesithasiselo esivikela ubuchopho (1, 2).
I-Resveratrol iyinhlanganisela enamandla ye-antioxidant ne-anti-inflammatory engavikela amangqamuzana obuchopho ekulimaleni.
Lezi zinzuzo zihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin nokuvimbela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela (26,27,28,29).
Enye incazelo yokuthi i-resveratrol isebenza kanjani ukuthi ingavimbela i-enzyme ekuguquleni i-glucose ibe yi-sorbitol, utshwala obushukela.
Lapho i-sorbitol inqwabelana emizimbeni yabantu abanesifo sikashukela, ingadala ingcindezi ye-oxidative elimaza amaseli (30, 31).
I-resveratrol ingase izuze abanesifo sikashukela ngaphezu kwabantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela. Ocwaningweni olulodwa lwezilwane, iwayini elibomvu ne-resveratrol kutholwe kungama-antioxidants anamandla kumagundane anesifo sikashukela kunamagundane angenasifo sikashukela (32).
Abacwaningi bathi le nhlanganisela ingase isetshenziselwe ukwelapha isifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga zaso esikhathini esizayo, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
I-resveratrol isiza amagundane ukuthi athuthukise ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi alwe nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Ngokuzayo, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela nazo zingazuza ekwelashweni kwe-resveratrol.
Izithako zemithi ziyacwaningwa njengendlela yokwelapha nokuvimbela ubuhlungu bamalunga. Uma ithathwa njengesengezo, i-resveratrol ingasiza ukuvikela uqwanga ekuqhekekeni (33, 34).
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwajova i-resveratrol emalungeni amadolo onogwaja be-arthritic futhi lwathola ukuthi labo onogwaja babenokulimala okuncane koqwanga (34).
Ezinye izifundo ze-test-tube nezilwane zibonise ikhono lale nhlanganisela lokunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela ukulimala kwamalunga (33, 35, 36, 37).
I-Resveratrol iye yafundelwa amandla ayo okuvimbela nokwelapha umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi kumashubhu okuhlola. Nokho, imiphumela ixubile (30, 38, 39).
Kuye kwaboniswa ukulwa nezinhlobonhlobo zamangqamuzana omdlavuza ezifundweni ze-tube yezilwane nezokuhlola, okuhlanganisa isisu, ikholoni, isikhumba, isifuba, kanye nomdlavuza we-prostate (40, 41, 42, 43, 44).
Kodwa-ke, njengoba izifundo kuze kube manje sezenziwe kumashubhu okuhlola nasezilwaneni, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi le nhlanganisela ingasetshenziswa futhi kanjani ukwelapha umdlavuza kubantu.
Ucwaningo olusebenzisa izithasiselo ze-resveratrol alutholanga ubungozi obubalulekile. Babonakala bebekezelelwa kahle abantu abanempilo (47).
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje kukhona ukuntuleka kwezincomo eziphelele mayelana nokuthi ingakanani i-resveratrol okufanele umuntu ayithathe ukuze athole izinzuzo zezempilo.
Kukhona futhi izexwayiso, ikakhulukazi mayelana nendlela i-resveratrol ehlangana ngayo neminye imithi.
Ngenxa yokuthi imithamo ephezulu iye yaboniswa ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi kumashubhu okuhlola, ingase ikhulise ukopha noma imihuzuko lapho ithathwa ngama-anticoagulants afana ne-heparin noma i-warfarin, noma imithi ethile yobuhlungu (48, 49).
I-Resveratrol iphinde ivimbele ama-enzyme asiza ukususa ama-compounds athile emzimbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminye imithi ingase ifinyelele emazingeni angaphephile. Lezi zihlanganisa ezinye izidakamizwa ezehlisa umfutho wegazi, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokukhathazeka, kanye nama-immunosuppressants (50).
Uma okwamanje uthatha imithi, ungase ufune ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-resveratrol.