Izikhumba nembewu yamagilebhisi namajikijolo aqukethe i-resveratrol, okwenza iwayini elibomvu licebe kakhulu kule nhlanganisela. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi inezinzuzo ezinkulu zempilo, kodwa udinga ukwazi okwengeziwe ngokuthi udinga ukuthatha izithasiselo ezingakanani.
Uma uke wezwa ukuthi iwayini elibomvu lisiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-resveratrol, isakhi sesitshalo esithandwa kakhulu ewayinini elibomvu.
Kodwa ngaphezu kokuba yingxenye enenzuzo yewayini elibomvu nokunye ukudla, i-resveratrol inamandla empilo.
Eqinisweni, izithasiselo ze-resveratrol zihlotshaniswa nezinzuzo eziningi ezimangalisayo zezempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuvikela ukusebenza kobuchopho kanye nokwehlisa umfutho wegazi (1, 2, 3, 4).
Lesi sihloko sichaza lokho okudingeka ukwazi nge-resveratrol, okuhlanganisa nezinzuzo zayo eziyisikhombisa eziphezulu zezempilo.
I-Resveratrol iyinhlanganisela yezitshalo esebenza njenge-antioxidant. Imithombo emikhulu yokudla ihlanganisa iwayini elibomvu, amagilebhisi, amajikijolo athile, kanye namakinati (5, 6).
Le nhlanganisela ivame ukugxila ezikhumbeni nasezinhlanyelweni zamagilebhisi namajikijolo. Lezi zingxenye zamagilebhisi zihilelekile ekubilisweni kwewayini elibomvu ngakho-ke zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-resveratrol (5, 7).
Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi ze-resveratrol zenziwe ezilwaneni nasemapayipini okuhlola kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu lale nhlanganisela (5, 8).
Ezifundweni ezilinganiselwe kubantu, iningi ligxile ezinhlotsheni ezengeziwe zale nhlanganisela, ezitholakala ngamanani aphezulu kunalawo atholakala ekudleni (5).
I-Resveratrol iyinhlanganisela ye-antioxidant etholakala ewayinini elibomvu, amajikijolo kanye namakinati. Izifundo eziningi zabantu zisebenzise izithasiselo eziqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-resveratrol.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-antioxidant, i-resveratrol ingaba yisengezo esithembisayo sokwehlisa umfutho wegazi (9).
Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2015 kwaphetha ngokuthi imithamo ephezulu ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi lapho inhliziyo ishaya (3).
Lo mfutho wegazi ubizwa ngokuthi i-systolic blood pressure futhi ubonakala njengenani eliphakeme ekufundweni komfutho wegazi.
Umfutho wegazi we-Systolic uvame ukukhuphuka njengoba ukhula ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis. Uma uphezulu, uyingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
I-Resveratrol ingafeza imiphumela yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ngokusiza ekukhiqizeni i-nitric oxide eyengeziwe, okubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi iphumule (10, 11).
Kodwa-ke, abalobi bocwaningo bathi kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kwenziwe izincomo ezithile ngomthamo ofanele we-resveratrol ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu ekucindezelekeni kwegazi.
Izifundo eziningana zezilwane zibonise ukuthi izithasiselo ze-resveratrol zingashintsha amafutha egazi ngezindlela ezinempilo (12, 13).
Ocwaningweni lwango-2016, amagundane anikwa ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi namafutha amaningi agcwele i-resveratrol.
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi isilinganiso se-cholesterol iyonke kanye nesisindo somzimba samagundane sehlile, kuyilapho izinga le-cholesterol "enhle" ye-HDL lenyuka (13).
Kubonakala sengathi i-resveratrol ithinta amazinga e-cholesterol ngokunciphisa isenzo sama-enzyme alawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol (13).
Njenge-antioxidant, inciphisa futhi ukushiswa kwe-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL. Ukushiswa kwe-LDL kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-plaque odongeni lwemithambo yegazi (9, 14).
Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokwelashwa, ababambiqhaza abathatha i-non-concentrated grape extract noma i-placebo babhekane nokwehla okungu-4.5% ku-LDL kanye nokwehla okungu-20% ku-oxidized LDL (15).
Izithako ze-resveratrol zingathuthukisa amazinga e-lipid egazini ezilwaneni. Njengoba ziyi-antioxidant, zinciphisa nokushiswa kwe-cholesterol ye-LDL.
Ikhono lale nhlanganisela lokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene seliphenduke indawo ebalulekile yocwaningo (16).
Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-resveratrol ivuselela izakhi zofuzo ezithile, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele izifo zokuguga (17).
Lokhu kusebenza ngendlela efanayo nokunciphisa amakhalori, okuye kwabonisa imiphumela ethembisayo ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuphila ngokushintsha indlela izakhi zofuzo ezivezwa ngayo (18, 19).
Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo ezihlola lesi sixhumanisi kuthole ukuthi i-resveratrol yandisa isikhathi sokuphila kuma-60% ezinto eziphilayo ezifundwe, kodwa umphumela wawubonakala kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo ezingahlobene eduze nabantu, njengezibungu nezinhlanzi (20).
Izifundo zezilwane zikhombisile ukuthi izithasiselo ze-resveratrol zingandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ukuthi zizoba nomphumela ofanayo yini kubantu.
Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ukuthi ukuphuza iwayini elibomvu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukwehla kwengqondo okuhlobene nokuguga (21, 22, 23, 24).
Kubonakala sengathi iphazamisa izingcezu zamaprotheni ezibizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid beta, ezibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwama-plaque ahlukile esifo i-Alzheimer's (21, 25).
Nakuba lolu cwaningo luthakazelisa, ososayensi basenemibuzo mayelana nekhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa i-resveratrol eyengeziwe, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokushesha njengesengezo esivikela ubuchopho (1, 2).
I-Resveratrol iyi-antioxidant enamandla kanye ne-anti-inflammatory compound engavikela amangqamuzana obuchopho ekulimaleni.
Lezi zinzuzo zifaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin kanye nokuvimbela izinkinga zesifo sikashukela (26,27,28,29).
Enye incazelo yokuthi i-resveratrol isebenza kanjani ukuthi ingavimbela i-enzyme ekuguquleni i-glucose ibe yi-sorbitol, i-sugar alcohol.
Uma i-sorbitol eningi kakhulu iqongelela emizimbeni yabantu abanesifo sikashukela, ingabangela ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative okonakalisa amangqamuzana (30, 31).
I-Resveratrol ingase izuzise ngisho nabantu abanesifo sikashukela ngaphezu kwabantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela. Kolunye ucwaningo lwezilwane, iwayini elibomvu kanye ne-resveratrol kutholakale ukuthi kuyi-antioxidant enamandla kakhulu emagundwini anesifo sikashukela kunasemagundwini angenaso isifo sikashukela (32).
Abacwaningi bathi le nhlanganisela ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga zaso esikhathini esizayo, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
I-Resveratrol isiza amagundane ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi alwe nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Esikhathini esizayo, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zingase zizuze ekwelashweni nge-resveratrol.
Izithasiselo zamakhambi ziyafundwa njengendlela yokwelapha nokuvimbela ubuhlungu bamalunga. Uma zithathwa njengesithasiselo, i-resveratrol ingasiza ekuvikeleni i-cartilage ekuqhekekeni (33, 34).
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwafaka i-resveratrol emalungeni amadolo onogwaja abane-arthritis futhi lwathola ukuthi labo nogwaja babenomonakalo omncane we-cartilage (34).
Ezinye izifundo ze-test-tube kanye nezezilwane zibonise ikhono lale nhlanganisela lokunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela ukulimala kwamalunga (33, 35, 36, 37).
I-Resveratrol iye yacwaningwa ngekhono layo lokuvimbela nokwelapha umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi emapayipini okuhlola. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ixubile (30, 38, 39).
Kuye kwabonakala ukuthi ilwa namaseli ahlukahlukene omdlavuza ezifundweni zezilwane kanye ne-test tube, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wesisu, wamathumbu amakhulu, wesikhumba, webele, kanye nowe-prostate (40, 41, 42, 43, 44).
Kodwa-ke, njengoba izifundo kuze kube manje zenziwe emapayipini okuhlola nasezilwaneni, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi le nhlanganisela ingasetshenziswa yini futhi kanjani ukwelapha umdlavuza kubantu.
Izifundo ezisebenzisa izithasiselo ze-resveratrol azizange zithole izingozi ezinkulu. Kubonakala sengathi zibekezelelwa kahle ngabantu abanempilo (47).
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje akukho izincomo eziqinisekile mayelana nokuthi umuntu kufanele athathe i-resveratrol engakanani ukuze athole izinzuzo zezempilo.
Kukhona nezixwayiso ezithile, ikakhulukazi mayelana nendlela i-resveratrol esebenzisana ngayo neminye imithi.
Ngenxa yokuthi imithamo ephezulu ibonisiwe ukuthi ivimbela ukujiya kwegazi emapayipini okuhlola, ingandisa ukopha noma ukuklwebheka uma ithathwa nama-anticoagulant njenge-heparin noma i-warfarin, noma eminye imithi yobuhlungu (48, 49).
I-Resveratrol ivimba nama-enzyme asiza ekususeni amakhemikhali athile emzimbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminye imithi ingafinyelela amazinga angaphephile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi eminye imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka, kanye nemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba (50).
Uma okwamanje uphuza imithi, ungase ufune ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-resveratrol.