U-Rutinifomula yamakhemikhali ithi (C27H30O16•3H2O), ivithamini, inomphumela wokunciphisa ukunwebeka kwe-capillary kanye nokuqina, igcine futhi ibuyisele ukunwebeka okujwayelekile kwama-capillaries. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage; I-diabetesic retinal hemorrhage kanye ne-hemorrhagic purpura nazo zisetshenziswa njengama-antioxidants okudla kanye nezingulube.

Ihlukaniswe ngemibandela emine elandelayo:

1. I-Rutin NF11: impushana ephuzi-luhlaza, noma i-crystal acicular enhle kakhulu; Ayinaphunga, ayinambitheki; Umbala uba mnyama emoyeni; Ishisiswe ibe ngu-185-192 ℃, iba umzimba wegelatinous onsundu futhi ibole cishe ku-215 ℃. Incibilika kancane ku-ethanol ebilayo, incibilika kancane emanzini abilayo, incibilika kancane emanzini abandayo, incibilika kalula ku-isopropyl alcohol ne-methanol, ayincibiliki ku-trichloromethane, ether ne-benzene; Incibilika kusixazululo se-alkali hydroxide. Indlela yokuhlonza ithi A: i-hydrochloric acid reflux hydrolysis ku-quercetin, indawo yayo yokuncibilika ingu-312℃B: imvula ye-cuprous oxide ebomvu. C: Ukwengeza isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide siphuzi ngokusawolintshi D: isixazululo se-ethanol ne-ferric chloride isisombululo siluhlaza sansundu E: isixazululo se-ethanol esine-hydrochloric acid ne-magnesium kancane kancane okuqukethwe okubomvu: ≥95.0%(UV)(ngemikhiqizo eyomile)

Ukuncipha kwesisindo esomile:5.5% ~ 9.0%

Ukushiswa kwezinsalela ≤0.5%

I-Chlorophyll ≤0.004%

I-pigment ebomvu ≤0.004%

Into ehlobene i-quercetin ≤5.0%(UV)

Isamba senani lebhaktheriya le-aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Isamba senani lesikhunta nemvubelo ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ngeke ibonwe /g

Izimo zesitoreji Gcina esitsheni esingangeni moya kude nokukhanya.

2. I-Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0: Impushana ephuzi noma ephuzi-luhlaza. Icishe ingancibiliki emanzini, incibilika ku-methanol, incibilika kancane ku-ethanol (96%), icishe ingancibiliki ku-methylene chloride. Incibilika kusixazululo se-hydroxide. Indlela yokuhlonza imi kanje :A: Ukumuncwa okuphezulu ku-257nm naku-358nm, futhi i-coefficient yokumunca ephezulu ku-358nm ingu-305 ~ 330. B: Iphethini yokumuncwa kwe-infrared kufanele ihambisane naleyo yomkhiqizo oyireferensi C: Amachashaza ombala ofanayo futhi usayizi uzovela endaweni ehambisanayo yechromatogram yomkhiqizo wereferensi D: isisombululo se-ethanol esine-hydrochloric acid ne-zinc sizobonisa okubomvu.

Okuqukethwe 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ngomkhiqizo owomile)(i-titration)

Umswakama 7.5% ~ 9.5%(Cartesian)

Ukushiswa kwezinsalela ≤0.1%

Inani eliphakeme lokumunca ukukhanya lokungcola okubonakalayo ku-450nm kuya ku-800nm ​​akufanele libe likhulu kuno-0.10

Into engancibiliki ku-methanol ≤3.0%

Into ehlobene isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, ukungcola okuphelele ≤4.0%(HPLC)

Isamba senani lebhaktheriya le-aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Isamba senani lesikhunta nemvubelo ≤102cfu/g

Ibhaktheriya ye-Bile gram-negative ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ngeke ibonwe /g

I-Salmonella ingase ingabonwa / 25g

Izimo zesitoreji zikude nokukhanya

3. I-Rutin USP43: Indlela yokuhlonza ithi A: ukumuncwa okuphezulu ku-257nm naku-358nm, futhi i-coefficient yokumunca ephezulu ku-358nm ingu-305 ~ 33. B: I-spectra yokumuncwa kwe-infrared kufanele ihambisane nechromatogram yomkhiqizo oyireferensi. C: Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwenani eliphakeme le-chromatogram kufanele sihambisane naleso somkhiqizo oyisithenjwa

Okuqukethwe 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ngomkhiqizo owomile)(i-titration)

Umswakama 7.5% ~ 9.5%(Cartesian)

Ukushiswa kwezinsalela ≤0.1%

Inani eliphakeme lokumunca ukukhanya lokungcola okubonakalayo ku-450nm kuya ku-800nm ​​akufanele libe likhulu kuno-0.10

Into engancibiliki ku-methanol ≤3.0%

Izinto ezihlobene ne-isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, enye i-mono-miscellaneous ≤1.0%, ukungcola okuphelele ≤4.0%(HPLC)

Isamba senani lebhaktheriya le-aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Isamba senani lesikhunta nemvubelo ≤103cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli akufanele ibonwe nge-10g

I-Salmonella akufanele ibonwe / 10g

Isimo sesitoreji sivaliwe futhi sigcinwe kude nokukhanya.

4. Izinga lenkonzo le-WS1-49(B)-89 le-Rutinum: impushana ephuzi noma ephuzi-luhlaza, noma i-crystal acicular enhle kakhulu; Ayinaphunga, ayinambitheki; Umbala uba mnyama emoyeni; Ishisiswe ku-185 ~ 192 ℃ ukuze ibe ijeli ensundu. Incibilika kancane ku-ethanol ebilisiwe, inyibilika kancane emanzini abilayo, incibilika kancane emanzini abandayo, ayincibiliki ku-trichloromethane ne-ether; Incibilika kusixazululo se-alkali hydroxide. Indlela yokuhlonza ithi: A: i-red cuprous oxide precipitate. B: Iphethini yokumuncwa kwe-infrared kufanele ihambisane naleyo yento yokulawula. C: Ukumuncwa okuphezulu kutholakala kumaza wamaza angu-259±1nm naku-362.5±1nm.

Okuqukethwe ≥93.0%(UV)(ngomkhiqizo owomile)

Ukuncipha kwesisindo esomile 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Ukushiswa kwezinsalela ≤0.3%

Into engancibiliki ku-methanol ≤2.5% (into engancibiliki ku-ethanol)

Into ehlobene i-quercetin ≤4.0%(Isendlalelo esincanyana)

Isamba senani lebhaktheriya le-aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Isamba senani lesikhunta nemvubelo ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ngeke ibonwe /g

I-Salmonella ngeke ibonwe /g

Isimo sesitoreji sivaliwe futhi sigcinwe kude nokukhanya.

Umphumela we-Pharmacological:

Isenzo se-antifree radical

Ama-molecule e-oksijini ancishiswa abe ama-electron awodwa ku-cell metabolism, kanti ama-ion e-O akhiqizwa ukuncishiswa kwama-oxygen molecule ngendlela yama-electron angawodwa azobe esekhiqiza i-H2O2 kanye nobuthi obukhulu ·OH ama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela athinte isikhumba. ubushelelezi ngisho nokusheshisa ukuguga kwesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza i-rutin emkhiqizweni kungasusa ngokusobala uhlobo lwe-oxygen esebenzayo ekhiqizwa amaseli. I-Rutin iyinhlanganisela ye-flavonoid, eyi-antioxidant eqinile yokukhipha ama-radicals mahhala. Ingakwazi ukumisa ukusabela kweketango lama-radicals mahhala, ivimbele i-peroxidation yamafutha e-polyunsaturated ku-biofilms, isuse imikhiqizo ye-lipid peroxidation, ivikele ubuqotho be-biofilms nezakhiwo ezingaphansi kweselula, futhi idlale indima ebalulekile emzimbeni. [2]

I-Anti-lipid peroxidation

I-Lipid peroxidation ibhekisela ochungechungeni lwezinqubo ze-oxidation ezibangelwa izinhlobo zomoya-mpilo osebenzayo ezihlasela ama-polyunsaturated fatty acids kuma-biofilms. UZhu Jianlin et al. inqume futhi ihlaziye umsebenzi we-SOD kumagundane, okuqukethwe kwe-MDA yomkhiqizo we-lipid peroxidation yamahhala, nokuqukethwe kwe-Lipofuscin esibindini esikhulu, futhi yathola ukuthi i-rutin inomphumela ovimbelayo ku-lipid peroxidation kumagundane athenwa, futhi ingavimbela ukwehla kwamandla e-antioxidant. yohlelo lwe-antioxidant kumagundane ngemva kokuthenwa. I-Rutin ingamelana nokwehla kwamandla e-antioxidant okubangelwa ukwehla kwe-estrogen engokwemvelo futhi inomphumela we-antioxidant. I-High density lipoprotein (HDL) inemiphumela elwa ne-atherosclerotic. Kodwa-ke, i-HDL, njenge-low density lipoprotein (LDL) kanye ne-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), nayo ingafakwa i-oxid futhi ishintshwe ku-vitro. Uma i-HDL isifakwe i-oxid futhi ishintshiwe yaba i-Ox-HDL, iba nomthelela we-atherosclerosis. UMeng Fang et al. iphenya umthelela we-rutin ekuguqulweni kwe-HDL oxidative yi-Cu2+ mediated oxidative modification in vitro. Isiphetho I-Rutin ingavimbela ngokuphawulekayo ukuguqulwa kwe-oxidative ye-HDL. [2]

Umthelela ophikisayo we-platelet activating factor

I-pathogenesis yezifo eziningi zenhliziyo kanye ne-cerebrovascular, njenge-thrombosis, i-atherosclerosis, ukusabela kokuvuvukala kanye nokulimala kwamahhala kwe-ischemia-reperfusion, kuhlobene eduze nokulamula kwe-platelet activatingfactor (PAF). Ngakho-ke, ukuphikisa umphumela we-PAF kuyindlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa izifo zenhliziyo ze-ischemic kanye ne-cerebrovascular. Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi i-rutin ingaphikisana nokubophezela okukhethekile kwe-PAF kuma-receptors ancike ekugxilweni kwe-rabbit platelet membrane, ivimbele ukunamathela kweplatelet ye-PAf-mediated konogwaja kanye nokwanda kwe-Ca2+ yamahhala kuma-PMNs, iphakamisa ukuthi indlela yokusebenza kwe-rutin anti-PAF ukuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-PAF receptor, bese uvimbele ukusabela okubangelwa i-PAF, ukuze ubambe iqhaza ekuvikelweni kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-rutin yayingumphikisi we-PAF receptor. [2]

I-Anti-acute pancreatitis

I-Rutin ingavimbela ngempumelelo i-hypocalcemia futhi inciphise ukugxila kwe-Ca2+ kuzicubu ze-pancreatic. Kutholakale ukuthi i-rutin ingakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-phospholipase A2 (PLA2) kuzicubu ze-pancreatic zamagundane, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-rutin ingase ivimbele ukukhululwa nokusebenza kwe-PLA2 kuzicubu ze-pancreatic. I-Rutin ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuvela kwe-hypocalcemia kumagundane e-AP, mhlawumbe ngokuvimbela ukungena kwe-Ca2 + nokunciphisa ukugcwala kwe-Ca2 + kumaseli ezicubu ze-pancreatic, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise umonakalo we-pathophysiological ku-AP. [2]

Inkomba: https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

Nge-rutin, sicela usithinte. Sikulindile lapha noma nini.