I-RutinIfomula yamakhemikhali (C27H30O16•3H2O), i-vithamini, inomphumela wokunciphisa ukungena kwama-capillary kanye nokuqhekeka, igcina futhi ibuyisele ukuqina okuvamile kwama-capillary. Ukuvimbela nokwelapha ukopha okunamandla kobuchopho; Ukopha okubangelwa yisifo sikashukela kanye ne-purpura yokopha nakho kusetshenziswa njengezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye nemibala yokudla.

Ihlukaniswe ngezinqubo ezine ezilandelayo:

1. I-Rutin NF11: impuphu ephuzi-luhlaza okotshani, noma ikristalu elicolekile kakhulu le-acicular; Ayinaphunga, ayinambitheki; Umbala uba mnyama emoyeni; Uma ishiswa kufika ku-185-192 ℃, iba ngumzimba onsundu we-gelatinous bese ibola cishe ku-215 ℃. Incibilika kancane ku-ethanol ebilayo, incibilika kancane emanzini abilayo, incibilika kancane emanzini abandayo, incibilika kalula ku-isopropyl alcohol kanye ne-methanol, ayincibiliki ku-trichloromethane, i-ether kanye ne-benzene; Incibilika kusisombululo se-alkali hydroxide. Indlela yokuhlonza i-A: i-hydrochloric acid reflux hydrolysis ibe yi-quercetin, lapho iphuzu layo lokuncibilika lingu-312 ℃ B: i-red cuprous oxide precipitation. C: Ukwengeza isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide kuphuzi ophuzi D: isixazululo se-ethanol kanye nesixazululo se-ferric chloride siluhlaza okotshani E: isixazululo se-ethanol esine-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-magnesium kancane kancane okuqukethwe okubomvu: ≥95.0%(UV)(ngemikhiqizo eyomile)

Ukwehla kwesisindo okomile: 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Izinsalela ezivuthayo ≤0.5%

I-Chlorophyll ≤0.004%

Umbala obomvu ≤0.004%

Isithako esihlobene i-quercetin ≤5.0% (UV)

Inani eliphelele lamabhaktheriya e-aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Inani eliphelele lesikhunta kanye nemvubelo ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ngeke itholakale /g

Izimo zokugcina Gcina esitsheni esingangeni moya kude nokukhanya.

2. I-Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0: Impuphu ephuzi noma eluhlaza okotshani. Cishe ayincibiliki emanzini, incibilika ku-methanol, incibilika kancane ku-ethanol (96%), cishe ayincibiliki ku-methylene chloride. Incibilika kusisombululo se-hydroxide. Indlela yokuhlonza yilena elandelayo: A: Ukumuncwa okuphezulu ku-257nm kanye no-358nm, kanti i-coefficient ephezulu yokumuncwa ku-358nm ingu-305 ~ 330. B: Iphethini yokumuncwa kwe-infrared kufanele ihambisane neyomkhiqizo obhekiselwe C: Amachashaza anombala ofanayo nosayizi azovela endaweni ehambisanayo ye-chromatogram yomkhiqizo obhekiselwe D: isixazululo se-ethanol esine-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-zinc sizobonisa obomvu

Okuqukethwe 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ngomkhiqizo owomile)(i-titration)

Umswakama 7.5% ~ 9.5% (iCartesian)

Izinsalela ezivuthayo ≤0.1%

Inani eliphezulu lokumuncwa kokukhanya kokungcola okubonakalayo ku-450nm kuya ku-800nm ​​akumele libe ngaphezu kuka-0.10

Izinto ezinganyibiliki ku-methanol ≤3.0%

Isithako esihlobene i-isoquercetin ≤2.0%, i-kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, i-quercetin ≤2.0%, ukungcola okuphelele ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Inani eliphelele lamabhaktheriya e-aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Inani eliphelele lesikhunta kanye nemvubelo ≤102cfu/g

Amagciwane angenayo i-bile gram ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ngeke itholakale /g

I-Salmonella ingase ingatholakali /25g

Izimo zokugcina zigcina kude nokukhanya

3. I-Rutin USP43: Indlela yokuhlonza i-A: ukumuncwa okuphezulu ku-257nm kanye no-358nm, kanti i-coefficient ephezulu yokumuncwa ku-358nm ingu-305 ~ 33. B: I-spectra yokumuncwa kwe-infrared kufanele ihambisane ne-chromatogram yomkhiqizo obhekiselwe kuwo. C: Isikhathi sokugcina se-chromatogram peak kufanele sihambisane nesomkhiqizo obhekiselwe kuwo.

Okuqukethwe 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ngomkhiqizo owomile)(i-titration)

Umswakama 7.5% ~ 9.5% (iCartesian)

Izinsalela ezivuthayo ≤0.1%

Inani eliphezulu lokumuncwa kokukhanya kokungcola okubonakalayo ku-450nm kuya ku-800nm ​​akumele libe ngaphezu kuka-0.10

Izinto ezinganyibiliki ku-methanol ≤3.0%

Izinto ezihlobene i-isoquercetin ≤2.0%, i-kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, i-quercetin ≤2.0%, ezinye izinto ezixubile ≤1.0%, ukungcola okuphelele ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Inani eliphelele lamabhaktheriya e-aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Inani eliphelele lesikhunta kanye nemvubelo ≤103cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ngeke itholakale /10g

I-Salmonella ngeke itholakale /10g

Isimo sokugcina sivaliwe futhi sigcinwe kude nokukhanya.

4. Izinga loMnyango WS1-49(B)-89 le-Rutinum: impuphu ephuzi noma eluhlaza okotshani, noma ikristalu elicolekile kakhulu le-acicular; Ayinaphunga, ayinambitheki; Umbala uba mnyama emoyeni; Ifudunyezwa ibe ngu-185 ~ 192℃ ukuze ibe yijeli ensundu. Incibilika kancane ku-ethanol ebilayo, incibilika kancane emanzini abilayo, incibilika kancane emanzini abandayo, ayincibiliki ku-trichloromethane kanye ne-ether; Incibilika kusisombululo se-alkali hydroxide. Indlela yokuhlonza yile: A: i-red cuprous oxide precipitate. B: Iphethini yokumunca ye-infrared kufanele ihambisane neyomuthi olawulayo. C: Ukumunca okuphezulu kutholakala kuma-wavelength angu-259±1nm kanye no-362.5±1nm.

Okuqukethwe ≥93.0%(UV)(ngomkhiqizo owomile)

Ukwehlisa isisindo okomile 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Izinsalela ezivuthayo ≤0.3%

Izinto ezinganyibiliki ku-methanol ≤2.5% (izinto ezinganyibiliki ku-ethanol)

Into ehlobene ne-quercetin ≤4.0% (Ungqimba oluncane)

Inani eliphelele lamabhaktheriya e-aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Inani eliphelele lesikhunta kanye nemvubelo ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ngeke itholakale /g

I-Salmonella ngeke itholakale /g

Isimo sokugcina sivaliwe futhi sigcinwe kude nokukhanya.

Umphumela wezokwelapha:

Isenzo se-antifree radical

Ama-molecule e-oksijini ancishiswa ngesimo sama-electron angawodwa ekusetshenzisweni kweseli, kanti ama-ion e-O akhiqizwa ukuncipha kwama-molecule e-oksijini ngesimo sama-electron angawodwa azokhiqiza ama-H2O2 kanye nama-free radical anobuthi kakhulu ·OH emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukushelela kwesikhumba futhi kusheshise nokuguga kwesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza i-rutin kumkhiqizo kungasusa ngokusobala izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo ezikhiqizwa amaseli. I-Rutin iyinhlanganisela ye-flavonoid, okuyi-antioxidant enamandla yokuqothula ama-free radical. Ingamisa ukusabela kwe-chain yama-free radicals, ivimbele i-peroxidation yama-polyunsaturated fatty acids kuma-biofilms, isuse imikhiqizo ye-lipid peroxidation, ivikele ubuqotho be-biofilms kanye nezakhiwo ezingaphansi kweseli, futhi idlale indima ebalulekile emzimbeni. [2]

I-anti-lipid peroxidation

I-lipid peroxidation ibhekisela ochungechungeni lwezinqubo ze-oxidation ezibangelwa izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo ezihlasela ama-fatty acid e-polyunsaturated kuma-biofilms. UZhu Jianlin nabanye banqume futhi bahlaziya umsebenzi we-SOD kumagundane, okuqukethwe komkhiqizo we-free-radical lipid peroxidation MDA, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-Lipofuscin esibindini esikhulu, futhi bathola ukuthi i-rutin yayinomphumela wokuvimbela i-lipid peroxidation kumagundane axoshiwe, futhi ingavimbela ukwehla kwamandla e-antioxidant ohlelweni lwe-antioxidant kumagundane ngemva kokuxoshiwe. I-Rutin ingamelana nokwehla kwamandla e-antioxidant okubangelwa ukwehla kwe-estrogen endogenous futhi inomphumela we-antioxidant. I-high density lipoprotein (HDL) inemiphumela yokulwa ne-atherosclerotic. Kodwa-ke, i-HDL, njenge-low density lipoprotein (LDL) kanye ne-very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), nayo ingaxoshiwe futhi iguqulwe ku-vitro. Uma i-HDL isixoshiwe futhi iguqulwe ku-Ox-HDL, iba nomphumela we-atherosclerosis. UMeng Fang nabanye baphenye umphumela we-rutin ekuguqulweni kwe-HDL oxidative ngokuguqulwa kwe-Cu2+ okuqondiswa yi-oxidative ku-vitro. Isiphetho I-Rutin ingavimbela kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwe-oxidative kwe-HDL. [2]

Umphumela wokuphikisa we-platelet activating factor

I-pathogenesis yezifo eziningi zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, njenge-thrombosis, i-atherosclerosis, ukusabela kokuvuvukala kanye nokulimala kwama-free radicals e-ischemia-reperfusion, kuhlobene kakhulu nokwelashwa kwe-plateletactivating factor (PAF). Ngakho-ke, ukuphikisana nomphumela we-PAF kuyindlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi i-rutin ingaphikisana nokubopha okuthile kwe-PAF kuma-receptor e-membrane ye-rabbit platelet kuncike ekugxilweni, kuvimbele ukunamathela kwe-platelet okubangelwa yi-PAf kunogwaja kanye nokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-Ca2+ yamahhala kuma-PMN, okuphakamisa ukuthi indlela yokusebenza kwe-rutin yokulwa ne-PAF ukuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-PAF receptor, bese kuvimbela ukusabela okubangelwa yi-PAF, ukuze kudlale indima ekuvikelweni kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-rutin yayiyi-anti-receptor ye-PAF. [2]

I-anti-acute pancreatitis

I-Rutin ingavimbela ngempumelelo i-hypocalcemia futhi yehlise ukugcwala kwe-Ca2+ ezicutshini ze-pancreatic. Kutholakale ukuthi i-rutin ingandisa okuqukethwe kwe-phospholipase A2 (PLA2) ezicutshini ze-pancreatic zamagundane, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-rutin ingavimbela ukukhishwa nokusebenza kwe-PLA2 ezicutshini ze-pancreatic. I-Rutin ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwe-hypocalcemia emagundwini e-AP, mhlawumbe ngokuvimbela ukungena kwe-Ca2+ nokunciphisa ukugcwala kwe-Ca2+ emaseli ezicubu ze-pancreatic, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umonakalo we-pathophysiological ku-AP. [2]

Ireferensi: https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa, sicela uxhumane nathi. Sikulindele lapha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.