Uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla kwezilwane, imibala yazo zonke izinhlobo zemifino nezithelo ingaba nemibala futhi ibe mihle. Umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo we-broccoli, umbala onsomi we-eggplant, umbala ophuzi wezaqathi, nombala obomvu wepelepele - kungani le mifino ihlukile? Yini enquma le mibala?

Ama-phytochrome ayinhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili zama-molecule e-pigment: ama-cytosolic pigment ancibilikayo emanzini kanye nama-lipid-soluble chloroplast pigments. Izibonelo zalawo afaka phakathi ama-anthocyanins, ama-flavonoid anika izimbali umbala; kwalawa akamuva, ama-carotenoids, ama-lutein nama-chlorophyll avamile. Ama-pigment ancibilikayo emanzini ayancibilika ku-ethanol kanye namanzi ajwayelekile kodwa awancibiliki kwamanye amakhemikhali e-organic njenge-ether kanye ne-chloroform. Ama-pigment ancibilikayo emafutheni kunzima kakhulu ukuwancibilika ku-methanol, kodwa ancibilika kalula ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-ethanol kanye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-organic. Uma evezwa ku-reagent ye-lead acetate, ama-pigment ancibilikayo emanzini azovelela futhi angamuncwa yi-activated carbon; imibala izoshintsha futhi kuye nge-pH.

1. I-Chlorophyll

I-Chlorophyll itholakala kabanzi emaqabunga, izithelo kanye nolwelwe lwezitshalo eziphakeme, futhi iyisici esibalulekile sama-chloroplast ezitshalo, akhona ngokuhlanganiswa namaprotheni ezintweni eziphilayo.

I-Chlorophyll iyi-tonic yegazi, ikhuthaza i-hematopoiesis, ivuselela amaseli, imiphumela yokulwa namagciwane kanye nokulwa nokuvuvukala, njll. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-chlorophyll inomphumela wokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli e-ai.

Ukudla okuqukethe i-chlorophyll kufaka phakathi: i-kale, amahlumela e-alfalfa, i-lettuce, isipinashi, i-broccoli, i-lettuce, njll.

I-Chlorophyll ibusa umbala oluhlaza, iqembu elijwayelekile lemibala elitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Abanye bangase bazibuze, kuthiwani ngezaqathi? Kuthiwani ngalezi zithako ezibukeka nombala wazo ongafani nhlobo noluhlaza? Eqinisweni, izaqathi nazo ziqukethe i-chlorophyll, engephansi, kodwa "oluhlaza" lumbozwe "ophuzi nowolintshi".

2. I-Carotenoid

Ama-Carotenoid yigama elijwayelekile lama-isomer ahlukahlukene ama-carotenoid kanye nezinto ezitholakala ezitshalweni. Liyiqembu lezinto ezinemibala ezitholakala kabanzi emvelweni, futhi laqala ukutholwa kuma-karoti, yingakho libizwa ngokuthi ama-carotenoid.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukudla kakhulu ama-carotenoid kubantu kunganciphisa isifo se-prostate esihlobene nokuguga kanye nokuwohloka kwe-retinal macular retina okuhlobene nokuguga. Ngakho-ke, ama-carotenoid emvelo avunyelwe uMnyango Wezempilo ukuthi asetshenziswe njengokudla okunempilo okulwa nemisebe. Ama-carotenoid ahlukene anezakhiwo ezahlukene zama-molecule, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwase kutholakale ama-carotenoid angaphezu kuka-600.

Ukudla okuqukethe ama-carotenoid: izaqathe, ithanga, utamatisi, i-citrus, ummbila, njll.

3. I-Flavonoid

Ama-pigment e-Flavonoid, aziwa nangokuthi ama-anthocyanins, nawo angama-pigment ancibilika emanzini. Kusukela esakhiweni samakhemikhali, ayinto ye-phenolic encibilika emanzini. Atholakala kabanzi embusweni wezitshalo, kufaka phakathi izinto ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, futhi kutholakale izinkulungwane zezinhlobo. Ama-Flavonoid awatholakali emvelweni njengama-monomers. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-flavonoid zikhona ezitshalweni zemindeni ehlukene, ama-oda, uhlobo, kanye nezinhlobo; ezithweni ezahlukene zezitshalo ezifana negxolo, impande, nembali, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-flavonoid. Cishe izinhlobo ezingu-400 sezitholakale kuze kube manje, ezingenambala, eziphuzi noma ezi-orenji elikhanyayo, futhi umbala wazo uthintwa kakhulu yi-pH.

Njengombala wokudla wemvelo, i-anthoxanthin iphephile, ayinabo ubuthi, icebile ngezinsizakusebenza, futhi inemiphumela ethile yokudla okunempilo kanye nemithi. Inamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa ekudleni, ezimonyweni, nakwezokwelapha.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani elikhulu lemiphumela yocwaningo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe likhombisile ukuthi ama-flavonoid anokulwa nokubola, ukuqeda ama-free radicals, umsebenzi wokulwa nokubola kwamafutha, ukuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo, imiphumela yokulwa namagciwane, ukulwa namagciwane, kanye neyokulwa nokungezwani komzimba. Imifino, izithelo kanye nokusanhlamvu embusweni wezitshalo kucebile ngama-flavonoid pigments.

Ukudla okuqukethe imibala ye-flavonoid: upelepele omnandi, i-celery, u-anyanisi obomvu, itiye eliluhlaza, i-citrus, amagilebhisi, i-buckwheat, njll.

4. I-Anthocyanin

Ama-Anthocyanins: Ngenxa yomsebenzi wawo obalulekile “wokulwa nokuvuvukala”, ama-anthocyanins aziwa kakhulu futhi athiwa “ayindlela yokukhohlisa” yizinkampani eziningi. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zama-anthocyanins zitholakale, okuhlanganisa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, obomvu kanye nowolintshi. Lawa ma-pigment ancibilika emanzini. Ama-Anthocyanins angabonisa imibala ehlukene njengoba i-pH ishintsha. Kufanele ube nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo lapho upheka iklabishi (elibomvu) emanzini.

Uhlobo lwamakhemikhali lwe-anthocyanins aluzinzile neze, futhi umbala uzoshintsha kakhulu ngokushintsha kwe-pH, okubomvu ngaphansi kuka-7, onsomi ku-8.5, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-11, kanye nophuzi, o-orenji noma ngisho onsundu ku-11. I-oksijini, ukukhanya noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu kungaguqula ukudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-anthocyanin kube nsundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha kombala okubangelwa ukuthintana nensimbi kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka lapho kucutshungulwa.

Ama-proanthocyanidins ayakwazi ukuqoqa ama-free radical emzimbeni, anomsebenzi oqinile wokulwa nama-antioxidant, futhi angalawula amasosha omzimba futhi adlale indima yokulwa nomdlavuza.

Ukudla okuqukethe ama-anthocyanins: amazambane ansomi, ilayisi elimnyama, ummbila onsomi, i-kale ensomi, isitshalo seqanda, i-perilla, izaqathi, ama-beet, njll.

Njengoba abantu bekhuthaza imvelo, ukuphishekela impilo nokuphepha kuqala izidingo zengqondo, kanye nokungena kweShayina kwi-WTO okubhekene nezidingo zomnotho womhlaba wonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemibala yemvelo edliwayo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokusho kwezibalo, kusukela ngo-1971 kuya ku-1981 umhlaba washicilela amalungelo obunikazi ayi-126 okufaka imibala ekudleni, lapho ama-87.5% awo ayimibala yemvelo edliwayo.

Ngokuthuthuka komphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zemvelo kuye kwathandwa kancane kancane embonini yokudla nezimonyo, futhi amasu asetshenziswayo athuthuke kancane kancane, okwenza imibala yemvelo ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlobisa impilo.

Umgomo wethu webhizinisi “"Yenza Umhlaba Ujabule Futhi Ube Nempilo Engcono".

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokukhishwa kwezitshalo, ungaxhumana nathi ngesikhathi sezinambuzane!!

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